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''The Ballad of East and West'' is a poem by Rudyard Kipling. It was first published in 1889, and has been much collected and anthologised since. Its first line is often quoted, sometimes as an example of Kipling's attitudes to race and to the Empire; but those who quote it thus often completely miss the third and fourth lines. It is worth quoting the refrain which opens, and closes, the poem in full: :::Oh, East is East and West is West, and never the twain shall meet, :::Till Earth and Sky stand presently at God's great Judgment Seat; :::But there is neither East nor West, Border, nor Breed, nor Birth, :::When two strong men stand face to face, though they come from the ends of the earth! This may be read as saying that 'it is indisputable that geographic points of the compass will never meet in this life, but that when two strong men (equals ) meet, the accidents of birth, whether of nationality, race, or family, do not matter at all—the mutual respect such individuals have, each for the character, prowess, and integrity of the other, are their only criteria for judging and accepting one another. Any differences in ethnicity between such individuals are never even considered'. ==Critical analysis== The poem, which demonstrates Kipling's mastery of verse, is written in the style of a border ballad. It is printed as rhyming heptameters, two of which are equivalent to a ballad stanza; some texts print these in quatrains (groups of four lines). The vocabulary, stock phrases and rhythms are reminiscent of the old ballads, and the culture described is not unlike that of the Border Reivers: the first line of the actual story, for example, is "Kamal is out with twenty men to raise the Border-side" to mean that a raid is in progress to cause trouble in the Border (here the North West Frontier, and originally the English/Scottish Border); the second line contains 'lifted', a Scots term for 'stolen', and the fourth 'calkin' (a technical term of horseshoes, here used to describe a trick of horse-mounted brigands, reversing the horseshoes to leave misleading tracks); and the second quatrain (line 9) has the stock phrase, also found in ''Sir Patrick Spens'' (s:Sir Patrick Spens), "Then up and spoke the (son ) that led a (of the Guides )", with a most traditional driving rhythm. Such echoes are to be heard throughout the poem: there is a couplet that is repeated with slight variations several times: :::There is rock to the left, and rock to the right, and low lean thorn between :::And ye may hear a breech-bolt snick where never a man is seen. ::::::::::::::(ll 19-20; cf. 35-6 and 43-44) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Ballad of East and West」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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